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    "# Generative QA with \"Retrieval-Augmented Generation\"\n",
    "\n",
    "[![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/deepset-ai/haystack/blob/master/tutorials/Tutorial7_RAG_Generator.ipynb)\n",
    "\n",
    "While extractive QA highlights the span of text that answers a query,\n",
    "generative QA can return a novel text answer that it has composed.\n",
    "In this tutorial, you will learn how to set up a generative system using the\n",
    "[RAG model](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.11401) which conditions the\n",
    "answer generator on a set of retrieved documents."
   ],
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "### Prepare environment\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Colab: Enable the GPU runtime\n",
    "Make sure you enable the GPU runtime to experience decent speed in this tutorial.\n",
    "**Runtime -> Change Runtime type -> Hardware accelerator -> GPU**\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/deepset-ai/haystack/master/docs/_src/img/colab_gpu_runtime.jpg\">"
   ],
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Make sure you have a GPU running\n",
    "!nvidia-smi"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "Here are the packages and imports that we'll need:"
   ],
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    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!pip install grpcio-tools==1.34.1\n",
    "!pip install git+https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack.git\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from typing import List\n",
    "import requests\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "from haystack import Document\n",
    "from haystack.document_store.faiss import FAISSDocumentStore\n",
    "from haystack.generator.transformers import RAGenerator\n",
    "from haystack.retriever.dense import DensePassageRetriever"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "Let's download a csv containing some sample text and preprocess the data.\n"
   ],
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   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Download sample\n",
    "temp = requests.get(\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/deepset-ai/haystack/master/tutorials/small_generator_dataset.csv\")\n",
    "open('small_generator_dataset.csv', 'wb').write(temp.content)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create dataframe with columns \"title\" and \"text\"\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"small_generator_dataset.csv\", sep=',')\n",
    "# Minimal cleaning\n",
    "df.fillna(value=\"\", inplace=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(df.head())"
   ],
   "metadata": {
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    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "We can cast our data into Haystack Document objects.\n",
    "Alternatively, we can also just use dictionaries with \"text\" and \"meta\" fields"
   ],
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    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Use data to initialize Document objects\n",
    "titles = list(df[\"title\"].values)\n",
    "texts = list(df[\"text\"].values)\n",
    "documents: List[Document] = []\n",
    "for title, text in zip(titles, texts):\n",
    "    documents.append(\n",
    "        Document(\n",
    "            text=text,\n",
    "            meta={\n",
    "                \"name\": title or \"\"\n",
    "            }\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    )"
   ],
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    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "Here we initialize the FAISSDocumentStore, DensePassageRetriever and RAGenerator.\n",
    "FAISS is chosen here since it is optimized vector storage."
   ],
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   }
  },
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Initialize FAISS document store.\n",
    "# Set `return_embedding` to `True`, so generator doesn't have to perform re-embedding\n",
    "document_store = FAISSDocumentStore(\n",
    "    faiss_index_factory_str=\"Flat\",\n",
    "    return_embedding=True\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Initialize DPR Retriever to encode documents, encode question and query documents\n",
    "retriever = DensePassageRetriever(\n",
    "    document_store=document_store,\n",
    "    query_embedding_model=\"facebook/dpr-question_encoder-single-nq-base\",\n",
    "    passage_embedding_model=\"facebook/dpr-ctx_encoder-single-nq-base\",\n",
    "    use_gpu=True,\n",
    "    embed_title=True,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Initialize RAG Generator\n",
    "generator = RAGenerator(\n",
    "    model_name_or_path=\"facebook/rag-token-nq\",\n",
    "    use_gpu=True,\n",
    "    top_k=1,\n",
    "    max_length=200,\n",
    "    min_length=2,\n",
    "    embed_title=True,\n",
    "    num_beams=2,\n",
    ")"
   ],
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "We write documents to the DocumentStore, first by deleting any remaining documents then calling `write_documents()`.\n",
    "The `update_embeddings()` method uses the retriever to create an embedding for each document.\n"
   ],
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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   "source": [
    "# Delete existing documents in documents store\n",
    "document_store.delete_all_documents()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Write documents to document store\n",
    "document_store.write_documents(documents)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Add documents embeddings to index\n",
    "document_store.update_embeddings(\n",
    "    retriever=retriever\n",
    ")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "Here are our questions:"
   ],
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   }
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "QUESTIONS = [\n",
    "    \"who got the first nobel prize in physics\",\n",
    "    \"when is the next deadpool movie being released\",\n",
    "    \"which mode is used for short wave broadcast service\",\n",
    "    \"who is the owner of reading football club\",\n",
    "    \"when is the next scandal episode coming out\",\n",
    "    \"when is the last time the philadelphia won the superbowl\",\n",
    "    \"what is the most current adobe flash player version\",\n",
    "    \"how many episodes are there in dragon ball z\",\n",
    "    \"what is the first step in the evolution of the eye\",\n",
    "    \"where is gall bladder situated in human body\",\n",
    "    \"what is the main mineral in lithium batteries\",\n",
    "    \"who is the president of usa right now\",\n",
    "    \"where do the greasers live in the outsiders\",\n",
    "    \"panda is a national animal of which country\",\n",
    "    \"what is the name of manchester united stadium\",\n",
    "]"
   ],
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "Now let's run our system!\n",
    "The retriever will pick out a small subset of documents that it finds relevant.\n",
    "These are used to condition the generator as it generates the answer.\n",
    "What it should return then are novel text spans that form and answer to your question!"
   ],
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Now generate an answer for each question\n",
    "for question in QUESTIONS:\n",
    "    # Retrieve related documents from retriever\n",
    "    retriever_results = retriever.retrieve(\n",
    "        query=question\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Now generate answer from question and retrieved documents\n",
    "    predicted_result = generator.predict(\n",
    "        query=question,\n",
    "        documents=retriever_results,\n",
    "        top_k=1\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Print you answer\n",
    "    answers = predicted_result[\"answers\"]\n",
    "    print(f'Generated answer is \\'{answers[0][\"answer\"]}\\' for the question = \\'{question}\\'')"
   ],
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Or alternatively use the Pipeline class\n",
    "from haystack.pipeline import GenerativeQAPipeline\n",
    "\n",
    "pipe = GenerativeQAPipeline(generator=generator, retriever=retriever)\n",
    "for question in QUESTIONS:\n",
    "    res = pipe.run(query=question, top_k_generator=1, top_k_retriever=5)\n",
    "    print(res)"
   ],
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    "pycharm": {
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    }
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "## About us\n",
    "\n",
    "This [Haystack](https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/) notebook was made with love by [deepset](https://deepset.ai/) in Berlin, Germany\n",
    "\n",
    "We bring NLP to the industry via open source!  \n",
    "Our focus: Industry specific language models & large scale QA systems.  \n",
    "  \n",
    "Some of our other work: \n",
    "- [German BERT](https://deepset.ai/german-bert)\n",
    "- [GermanQuAD and GermanDPR](https://deepset.ai/germanquad)\n",
    "- [FARM](https://github.com/deepset-ai/FARM)\n",
    "\n",
    "Get in touch:\n",
    "[Twitter](https://twitter.com/deepset_ai) | [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/deepset-ai/) | [Slack](https://haystack.deepset.ai/community/join) | [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/discussions) | [Website](https://deepset.ai)\n",
    "\n",
    "By the way: [we're hiring!](https://apply.workable.com/deepset/) "
   ],
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